While difficulty falling asleep and/or staying asleep is the primary symptom of insomnia, other symptoms include:
Insomnia itself may be a symptom of an underlying medical condition.
Insomnia is most common in shift workers, the elderly, and menopausal women.
Many medical conditions, such as chronic pain, reflux or Parkinson’s disease can lead to insomnia. Also, certain medications, especially those with stimulant properties.
Sleep apnea- blocked airway causes a person to repeatedly stop breathing.
Restless legs syndrome- feeling an uncomfortable sensation to move one's legs.
In addition to taking a detailed medical history, listening to the patient describe symptoms, and conducting a physical exam, the healthcare provider may also recommend:
Cognitive behavioral therapy, focuses on developing habits that promote a healthy pattern of sleep, is often a first line of treatment for insomnia.
Medications including over-the-counter sleep aids, prescription sleeping pills, antidepressants, and melatonin. Determining which medication may be best depends on insomnia symptoms and many different health factors; it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider about the use of sleep aids.
